Shih Tzu Guide: Personality, Grooming, and Training

The Shih Tzu bounds across the room with surprising energy for such a small breed.

These Chinese origin “lion dogs” have captivated hearts for centuries, serving as companions in royal palaces before becoming beloved family dogs worldwide.

Shih Tzus stand out among toy group breeds with their:

Distinctive chrysanthemum face and underbite
Long, flowing double coat
Friendly temperament that makes them child-friendly
Adaptability to apartment living

Their brachycephalic structure requires special care, but their hypoallergenic qualities make them perfect for many homes.

Whether you’re considering adding this loyal pet to your family or improving care for your existing companion dog, this guide covers everything from grooming needs to health issues to training approaches uniquely tailored for the Shih Tzu’s distinctive personality.

Shih Tzu Breed Statistics

Characteristic	Details
Origin	China/Tibet
AKC Classification	Toy Group
Average Weight	9-16 pounds (4-7.25 kg)
Average Height	8-11 inches (20-28 cm)
Lifespan	10-16 years
Coat Type	Double coat, long and flowing
Coat Colors	Various including gold, white, black, blue, liver, and combinations
Shedding Level	Low (considered relatively hypoallergenic)
Grooming Needs	High (daily brushing recommended)
Temperament	Affectionate, playful, outgoing, friendly
Good with Children	Yes, when properly socialized
Good with Other Pets	Yes, generally good with other animals
Barking Tendency	Moderate
Exercise Needs	Low to moderate (30 minutes daily)
Training Difficulty	Moderate (can be stubborn)
Apartment Friendly	Excellent
Health Concerns	Respiratory issues, eye problems, dental issues, hip dysplasia
Energy Level	Moderate
Protective Instinct	Low to moderate
Average Puppy Cost	$750-$2,500

Shih Tzu Personality and Temperament

My Shih Tzu, Leo, taught me why this Chinese origin breed has enchanted dog lovers for centuries. These “lion dogs” pack giant personalities into small breed frames.

Classic Personality Traits

Shih Tzus are deeply affectionate companions. They’re known for their:

Loving nature that makes them perfect family dogs
Strong social bonds with humans
Balanced energy—playful but not hyperactive
Independent streak despite their companion dog status

They’re not clingy, but still love attention. My Leo lounges independently for hours, then suddenly demands belly rubs.

Shih Tzus show remarkable patience. These royal dogs adapt well to apartment living but still need daily walks to stay happy.

Behavior with Family Members

Child-friendly and intuitive, Shih Tzus sense when gentleness is needed. Their temperament makes them excellent pets for families, though supervision with small children is smart.

They tend to bond closely with primary caregivers. Leo follows me everywhere!

Watch for jealousy—these loyal pets can get possessive. They aren’t typically aggressive, but might show protective instincts through barking when strangers approach.

Compatibility with Other Pets

Shih Tzus generally get along well with other dogs. Their friendly temperament helps with:

Peaceful coexistence with cats when properly introduced
Good behavior around smaller pets with training
Adapting to multi-pet households

Pack dynamics rarely become problematic. Their toy group heritage means they’re more interested in human connection than dominating other pets.

Common Behavioral Quirks

Barking habits vary widely among Shih Tzus. Some are quiet; others alert you to every passing leaf.

Their ancient dog breed heritage gives them a streak of stubbornness. Early dog training helps manage their willfulness.

Shih Tzus love their sleep! They can snooze 14+ hours daily, often in unusual positions. Some develop unique attention-seeking behaviors like the “Shih Tzu spin” when excited.

These loyal pets might develop separation anxiety if not properly trained, so gradual alone time is important for puppy socialization.

Shih Tzu Health and Care Basics

Common Health Issues

Their brachycephalic (flat-faced) structure creates specific health concerns:

Respiratory problems including breathing difficulties in hot weather
Eye conditions like tear stains and infections due to their prominent eyes
Dental issues from their underbite and crowded teeth
Joint mobility problems including hip dysplasia

The American Kennel Club recommends working with breeders who screen for these genetic health conditions.

Preventative Care

Regular vet check-ups are crucial for this purebred dog. Their care includes:

Core vaccination schedule starting at 6-8 weeks
Quarterly parasite prevention treatments
Dental care routines to prevent periodontal disease
Annual wellness exams

Pet insurance from providers like Trupanion can help manage costs for this breed-specific care.

Nutrition Requirements

Quality food selection matters tremendously. Brands like Royal Canin, Blue Buffalo, and Hill’s Science Diet offer small breed formulations.

Feed puppies 3-4 times daily, reducing to twice daily for adults. Portion control prevents obesity, which strains their short muzzle breathing.

Treats should make up less than 10% of daily calories. Some owners supplement with fish oil for coat health, but check with your vet first.

Exercise Needs

Despite their chrysanthemum face and elegant appearance, Shih Tzus need regular exercise:

20-30 minutes of daily activity spread throughout the day
Gentler exercise for puppies and seniors
Indoor games during extreme weather (they’re sensitive to temperature)
Puzzle toys from brands like Kong for mental stimulation

Their double coat means they can overheat quickly, so exercise them in cooler parts of the day.

Remember that each Shih Tzu has a unique personality. My Leo defies the “lap dog” stereotype—he’s as adventurous as any large breed but returns to his royal dog heritage when it’s nap time!

Grooming Your Shih Tzu

The long coat of a Shih Tzu requires dedication. I’ve spent countless hours brushing my little lion dog, but those bonding moments are priceless.

Coat Care Fundamentals

Brushing techniques make all the difference with this double coat breed:

Daily brushing with a pin brush prevents matting
Start at the skin and work outward in sections
Focus on friction areas (armpits, belly, behind ears)
Use detangling spray for stubborn knots

Bathing every 2-3 weeks keeps their coat healthy. Too frequent washing strips natural oils, while waiting too long creates more tangles.

The Shih Tzu’s shedding is minimal compared to other breeds, making them somewhat hypoallergenic.

Their hair grows continuously rather than falling out seasonally, though you’ll notice slight coat changes between summer and winter.

Haircut and Styling Options

The puppy cut is a blessing for busy owners. This shorter style:

Reduces daily maintenance time
Keeps your pet cooler in summer
Minimizes tear stains
Requires trimming every 6-8 weeks

Show coat maintenance is an enormous commitment. Those gorgeous flowing locks you see at Westminster Dog Show take hours of daily care and protective wrapping.

For practical everyday styles, many Shih Tzu owners choose a modified top-knot that keeps hair out of eyes while leaving the body coat moderate length.

DIY grooming saves money but requires learning proper techniques. PetSmart and Petco offer basic grooming services, while specialized salons might better understand breed-specific needs.

Face and Eye Care

Tear stain prevention is crucial for the Shih Tzu’s flat face. Their brachycephalic structure makes them prone to excessive tearing.

Clean facial folds daily with a damp cloth to prevent infection. Their chrysanthemum face needs special attention around those expressive eyes.

Eye infection prevention means trimming hair around the eyes regularly. I use rounded-tip scissors for safety when grooming my dog’s face.

Other Grooming Essentials

Nail trimming techniques matter for these small dogs:

Trim every 2-3 weeks
Use proper dog nail clippers
Cut small amounts to avoid hitting the quick
File rough edges after clipping

Ear cleaning prevents infections in their drop ears. Use a vet-approved solution weekly, being careful not to insert anything into the ear canal.

Dental hygiene practices are vital due to their common dental problems and underbite. Brush teeth several times weekly with dog-specific toothpaste like those from Pedigree or Eukanuba.

Don’t forget paw pad care! Trim the hair between pads to prevent slipping and reduce dirt collection.

Training Your Shih Tzu

Understanding the Shih Tzu Learning Style

My Shih Tzu responds to different training methods than my friend’s Dalmatian. Their ancient dog breed heritage gives them unique traits:

Food motivation works exceptionally well
Short attention span requires brief, focused sessions
Responds poorly to harsh corrections
Thrives with positive reinforcement methods

Set realistic expectations. These toy breed dogs aren’t typically obedience champions like Border Collies, but they can learn all essential commands with patience.

House Training

Crate training works wonderfully for Shih Tzus when done correctly:

Select an appropriately sized crate
Create positive associations through treats and praise
Never use it as punishment
Gradually increase time inside

Establishing a consistent bathroom routine is crucial. Take puppies out after sleeping, eating, drinking, and playing.

Handle accidents without scolding. Clean thoroughly with enzymatic cleaners to remove scents that might trigger repeat offenses.

For troubleshooting common issues, remember that small breeds have small bladders! Puppy training takes longer with toy breeds like the Shih Tzu compared to larger dogs.

Basic Commands and Socialization

Start with these essential commands:

Sit
Stay
Come
Leave it
Down

Their socialization timeline is critical between 8-16 weeks. Expose them to various people, sounds, and environments during this window.

Leash training techniques should account for their small size and sometimes stubborn nature. Use a harness rather than collar to protect their throat.

Dog trainers like Cesar Millan and Victoria Stilwell offer methods that work well with small breeds like the Shih Tzu.

Behavior Correction

Addressing excessive barking requires understanding triggers. Is it separation anxiety? Territorial behavior? Attention-seeking?

Managing their potential separation anxiety means gradual alone-time training and comforting items with your scent.

Prevent resource guarding by teaching “drop it” and “leave it” early. Hand-feed occasionally to build trust.

Curb destructive chewing by providing appropriate toys from brands like Kong. Zak George offers excellent videos on managing these behaviors in small breeds.

Remember that patience wins the day with this loyal pet. Their child-friendly temperament and friendly personality make them worth the training effort!

Living with a Shih Tzu

Living with these loyal pets transforms your home in unexpected ways. My apartment hasn’t been the same since my Shih Tzu arrived.

Creating a Shih Tzu-Friendly Home

Setting up a safe space matters tremendously for these small breed dogs:

Secure low-level items they might chew
Block small spaces where they could get stuck
Remove toxic plants (lilies, sago palms)
Create cozy resting spots throughout your home

Temperature considerations are crucial for this brachycephalic breed. They struggle in heat due to their short muzzle. Keep your home between 68-75°F for optimal comfort.

Accessibility adaptations might include pet steps to furniture and beds. Their small stature means they need help reaching favorite spots.

Toy and supply essentials should include interactive puzzles for mental stimulation. These companion dogs need both physical and mental engagement to prevent destructive behaviors.

Travel and Mobility

Car travel safety requires proper restraints. Their small size makes them vulnerable in accidents. Invest in a crash-tested carrier or car seat.

Air travel considerations are particularly important given their flat-faced structure. Many airlines restrict brachycephalic breeds due to breathing risks.

A portable supplies checklist for pet-friendly apartments and travel should include:

Collapsible water bowl
Familiar bedding
Necessary medications
Grooming supplies for their long coat
Favorite toys for comfort

Acclimating to carriers takes patience. Start with positive associations weeks before any planned travel.

Seasonal Care Adjustments

Summer heat precautions are vital. Their double coat and breathing issues make them susceptible to overheating. Walk early morning or evening only.

Winter protection needs include proper outerwear. Despite their fur, these toy breed dogs often need coats in cold weather.

Seasonal allergy management might involve special shampoos and limited outdoor time during peak pollen seasons. Their chrysanthemum face requires extra attention to prevent eye irritation.

Holiday safety concerns include keeping decorations, foods, and gifts out of reach. Their curious nature can lead to trouble during festive times.

Dog park etiquette requires caution. Their small size makes them vulnerable around larger breeds. Look for small dog sections or arrange private playdates.

Introducing to new people should be gentle and controlled. While they’re generally friendly, they may be wary of strangers initially.

Restaurant and public space behavior tends to be excellent with training. Their apartment-friendly size and calm demeanor make them wonderful companions for dog-friendly venues.

Playdates and ongoing socialization help maintain their friendly temperament. These social dogs benefit from regular interaction with other pets.

Life Stages of a Shih Tzu

Puppy Phase (0-1 year)

Early development milestones include:

Eyes opening fully by 2 weeks
Walking confidently by 3-4 weeks
Beginning socialization at 7-8 weeks
Adult teeth coming in around 6 months

Teething management requires appropriate chew toys. Brands like Kong offer products specifically designed for puppy teeth.

The socialization window closes around 16 weeks. During this critical period, expose your Shih Tzu puppy to various people, sounds, and environments.

First-year healthcare priorities include completing their vaccination schedule, spaying/neutering, and establishing dental care routines to prevent future problems.

Adult Years (1-7 years)

Activity level changes become noticeable as they mature. The puppy zoomies calm down, though they maintain playfulness throughout adulthood.

Behavioral maturation includes less mouthing, improved focus, and established household routines. Their loyal nature deepens during these years.

Maintenance healthcare routine should include annual checkups, regular dental cleanings, and parasite prevention.

The American Kennel Club recommends twice-yearly wellness exams for brachycephalic breeds.

Training reinforcement needs continue throughout adulthood. These intelligent but sometimes stubborn dogs benefit from ongoing positive reinforcement.

Senior Care (8+ years)

Recognizing aging signs helps provide proper care:

Graying around the muzzle
Slowed movement or stiffness
Increased sleep
Cloudy eyes

Dietary adjustments often include senior-specific formulations from brands like Hill’s Science Diet or Blue Buffalo. These contain joint supplements and appropriate protein levels.

Exercise modifications are necessary as they age. Shorter, gentler walks replace longer outings. Swimming offers low-impact exercise for arthritic seniors.

Managing age-related health issues means watching for signs of dental disease, heart problems, and vision/hearing changes. Regular blood work helps catch issues early.

Special Considerations for Each Life Stage

Age-specific grooming needs vary dramatically:

Puppies: simple, short cuts while learning to accept grooming
Adults: full styling options based on owner preference
Seniors: easier maintenance cuts that accommodate joint stiffness

Environmental adaptations by age might include puppy gates, secure adult spaces, and senior-friendly ramps or steps as mobility changes.

Mental stimulation requirements shift throughout their lifespan. Puppies need basic training, adults enjoy trick learning, while seniors benefit from gentle puzzle toys that maintain cognitive function.

Social needs remain important across their 10-16 year lifespan. From puppy socialization to adult dog friendships to gentle senior interactions, these companion dogs thrive with appropriate social contact.

Their journey from playful puppy to dignified senior is a privilege to witness. With proper care, your Shih Tzu will remain your loyal, loving companion throughout every stage.

FAQ on Shih Tzu

How long do Shih Tzus live?

Shih Tzus typically enjoy a lifespan of 10-16 years. This toy breed tends to live longer than larger dogs.

Proper nutrition from quality brands like Royal Canin or Hill’s Science Diet, regular vet check-ups, dental care, and maintaining healthy weight all contribute to maximizing your loyal pet’s years with you.

Are Shih Tzus good apartment dogs?

Yes! Their small breed size and moderate exercise needs make them ideal apartment companions. They don’t require large yards but do need daily walks.

Their friendly temperament means they rarely disturb neighbors with excessive barking, though early training helps minimize noise. Their adaptability to indoor living is excellent.

How much grooming do Shih Tzus need?

Shih Tzus require significant grooming due to their long coat. Daily brushing prevents matting, with professional grooming every 4-6 weeks.

Many owners opt for the practical puppy cut to reduce maintenance. Their double coat needs regular attention, especially around the chrysanthemum face to prevent tear stains.

Are Shih Tzus hypoallergenic?

They’re considered relatively hypoallergenic. While no dog is 100% allergen-free, Shih Tzus produce fewer allergens than many breeds.

Their hair-like coat continuously grows rather than sheds seasonally. Regular grooming further reduces dander. Many people with allergies find they can tolerate this ancient dog breed well.

Do Shih Tzus have health problems?

As a brachycephalic breed, they’re prone to respiratory issues, eye conditions due to their prominent eyes, dental problems from their underbite, and joint mobility issues.

Working with responsible breeders who screen for genetic health problems is essential. The American Kennel Club recommends comprehensive health testing for breeding stock.

Are Shih Tzus easy to train?

Shih Tzus can be stubborn but trainable. Their independent nature means training requires patience and consistency. Positive reinforcement methods work best with this breed.

Short, engaging sessions prevent boredom. House training might take longer than with other breeds. Professional trainers like Zak George offer specific small breed techniques.

How much exercise do Shih Tzus need?

They require modest exercise—about 30 minutes daily divided into short walks and play sessions. Their energy level is moderate, needing less exercise than working breeds.

Indoor games provide mental stimulation during bad weather. Despite their regal appearance, these companion dogs enjoy interactive play with toys from brands like Kong.

Are Shih Tzus good with children?

Yes, they’re typically child-friendly with proper socialization. Their friendly temperament and sturdy-despite-small build make them good family pets.

Always supervise interactions with very young children who might handle them roughly. Early puppy socialization helps ensure they develop tolerance for the unpredictable nature of kids.

How much do Shih Tzus cost?

Initial puppy costs range from $750-$2,500 depending on lineage, with champion bloodlines from show dog breeders commanding premium prices.

Ongoing expenses include quality food, grooming ($40-80 monthly), pet insurance, and healthcare. The Shih Tzu’s long lifespan means a significant lifetime investment.

Do Shih Tzus bark a lot?

Barking habits vary individually. Some are quiet while others alert to every sound. They may bark when seeking attention or spotting strangers, showing their loyal pet nature.

Early dog training can manage excessive barking. Overall, they’re less vocal than many small breeds but more talkative than breeds from the Tibetan temple heritage.

Conclusion

The Shih Tzu offers a perfect balance of affection and independence that few other companion dogs can match.

Their rich history as a Chinese imperial palace favorite has evolved into their modern role as beloved family pets worldwide.

Living with these loyal pets provides unique joys:

Their low-shedding, hair-like coat makes them suitable for those seeking hypoallergenic options
Their flat-faced dog charm combined with a sturdy frame defies typical toy breed fragility
Their multi-colored coat options offer variety within the breed
Their adaptability to pet-friendly apartments makes urban living possible

Though they require commitment to grooming and attention to potential breathing problems, the Shih Tzu’s child-friendly nature and moderate exercise needs make them remarkably versatile.

Whether you’re seeking a show dog prospect or simply a loving companion, this ancient dog breed delivers friendship that lasts through their impressive 10-16 year lifespan.