Pekingese 101: A Royal Guide to a Noble Pup

The Pekingese, an ancient toy dog breed with its distinctive lion-like mane, has captivated dog lovers for over 2,000 years.

Originally bred as Chinese imperial dogs in the Forbidden City, these small but mighty companions carry themselves with a dignity that reflects their royal heritage.

Despite their compact size, Pekingese dogs possess a sturdy body and an unmistakable flat-faced structure that gives them their unique appearance.

Perfect for apartment-friendly living, these loyal dog breeds offer more than just adorable looks.

Their independent nature and moderate exercise needs make them ideal companions for various lifestyles.

This guide explores everything from their distinctive coat patterns and temperament to essential care tips for managing their brachycephalic traits and grooming requirements.

Whether you’re considering adding this ancient breed to your family or simply fascinated by these Chinese palace dogs, you’ll discover why the Pekingese continues to charm dog enthusiasts worldwide.

Pekingese Breed Statistics

Characteristic	Details
Size	Toy breed
Height	6-9 inches (15-23 cm)
Weight	7-14 pounds (3-6 kg)
Lifespan	12-14 years
Coat Type	Long, double coat with thick mane
Coat Colors	Gold, red, sable, black and tan, cream, white, black
Shedding Level	Heavy (seasonal)
Grooming Needs	High (daily brushing)
Exercise Needs	Low (20-30 minutes daily)
Energy Level	Low to moderate
Trainability	Challenging (stubborn)
Good with Children	Moderate (better with older children)
Good with Other Pets	Moderate (needs proper socialization)
Barking Tendency	Moderate
Apartment Friendly	Excellent
Heat Tolerance	Poor (brachycephalic breed)
Cold Tolerance	Moderate (good coat insulation)
Health Issues	Brachycephalic syndrome, eye problems, joint issues
Intelligence Ranking	73rd out of 138 breeds (per Stanley Coren)
Origin	Ancient China (Tang Dynasty)
AKC Recognition	1906
Breed Group	Toy Group

Physical Characteristics

Distinctive Features

The Pekingese stands out with its unmistakable lion-like mane that frames its face in regal splendor.

This isn’t just any toy dog breed—it’s one shaped by centuries of selective breeding in Ancient China.

Their most striking feature? That adorably flat-faced structure with large, expressive eyes that seem to look right through you.

Despite their small stature, nothing about these dogs feels fragile. Their bodies are surprisingly sturdy and compact, with a substantial feel when you pick them up.

Every Pekingese carries itself with the confidence of the imperial dogs they once were, strutting with a slight rolling gait that’s charming to watch.

The coat deserves special mention. It comes in several classic colors:

• Gold and red (most traditional)
• Sable patterns
• Black and tan combinations
• Cream or white (less common)
• Occasional black specimens

This long-haired dog breed boasts a double coat with harsh outer guard hairs and a soft, dense undercoat.

The texture varies across their body, with the mane area being particularly thick—a feature that contributed to their nickname as “lion dogs” in imperial China.

Size and Weight Profile

Standing between 6-9 inches at the shoulder, these small companion dogs aren’t the tiniest of the toy breeds, but they remain comfortably lap-sized.

Males typically weigh 8-14 pounds while females run slightly smaller at 7-12 pounds.

Don’t be fooled by weight charts—their heavy bone structure makes them feel substantially heavier than they look!

Puppies develop at a moderate pace, reaching about half their adult size by 4 months.

Most achieve their full height by 10 months, though they may continue to fill out and develop their magnificent coat until around 18 months of age.

Breed Standards

The American Kennel Club maintains specific standards for this ancient breed. AKC judges look for particular features:

• A broad, flat skull
• Wrinkled muzzle with an undershot jaw
• Wide-set, dark, slightly prominent eyes
• Heart-shaped ears carried flat against the head
• Level back with well-sprung ribs

International standards through the FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) vary slightly, placing greater emphasis on movement and proportions. They’re particularly strict about facial structure in show dog breeds.

The distinction between show-quality and pet-quality often centers on minutiae—the exact placement of markings, the precision of the undershot bite, or coat texture subtleties.

A slight deviation in pigmentation or ear carriage might disqualify a Pekingese from Crufts Dog Show competition while making absolutely no difference to their quality as a beloved pet.

Personality and Temperament

The Royal Attitude

There’s no mistaking the dignified dog personality of a Pekingese. They carry themselves with an air of self-confidence that sometimes borders on arrogance.

I still laugh when my Peke gives me that look—you know the one—where they’re clearly judging your life choices.

Their independent nature doesn’t mean they lack affection. Rather, they choose when and how to display it. They’re not clingy lapdogs desperate for constant attention.

Their love runs deep but displays itself through quiet companionship and selective moments of warmth.

The loyalty of a Pekingese to their chosen person is remarkable. While they may acknowledge other family members, they typically form a special bond with one person.

This selective devotion reflects their heritage as companions to Chinese Imperialism figures like the Empress Dowager Cixi, who kept these dogs as intimate companions.

Social Behaviors

Family interactions vary dramatically based on early socialization. A well-raised Peke will be tolerant, if somewhat aloof, with family members beyond their chosen favorite.

They observe household activities with interest but participate selectively.

With strangers, expect reserved wariness rather than immediate friendship. Their history as palace dogs trained them to be naturally suspicious of unfamiliar people.

This makes them surprisingly effective small guard dogs despite their diminutive size.

Children and Pekingese have a complicated relationship. While some enjoy gentle children, many find the unpredictable movements and noise levels overwhelming.

Their stubborn dog breed tendencies mean they won’t hesitate to retreat from uncomfortable situations. Homes with respectful older children typically work better than those with toddlers.

Other pets? That depends entirely on proper introductions. Their royal attitude means they often expect deference from other animals regardless of size difference!

With proper small dog socialization, they can live harmoniously with cats and even larger dogs, though they may always maintain a slight air of superiority.

Intelligence and Trainability

Don’t mistake their stubbornness for lack of intelligence. The Pekingese possesses considerable problem-solving abilities, particularly when motivated by their own interests.

They quickly learn household routines and manipulate situations to their advantage.

Training requires understanding their perspective. Traditional obedience methods often fail with this ancient dog breed. They respond best to:

• Positive reinforcement with high-value rewards
• Very short training sessions
• Consistency without repetitive drills
• Training framed as choices rather than commands

Common challenges include house training difficulties (especially in cold or wet weather which they despise) and selective hearing when called.

Their independent nature means they constantly weigh whether your request is worth their effort! Even well-trained Pekes retain a core of autonomy that reflects their centuries as companions rather than working dogs.

Health and Care

Common Health Concerns

The Pekingese faces several health challenges due to their unique physical structure.

Their flat-nosed dogs classification makes Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome their primary concern. Watch for excessive panting, snoring, or exercise intolerance. Heat quickly becomes dangerous for them.

Eye problems plague many flat-faced breed members. Their prominent eyes are vulnerable to:

• Corneal ulcers from minor scratches
• Dry eye syndrome
• Progressive retinal atrophy
• Entropion (inward-rolling eyelids)

Their stocky build contributes to joint problems including patellar luxation and intervertebral disc disease.

These short-legged breeds often develop mobility issues as they age, particularly when overweight.

Regular checkups with vets familiar with toy dog breed issues can catch problems early.

Dental care requires special attention. Their tiny jaws often crowd teeth, creating perfect conditions for periodontal disease.

Regular dental checks should be part of your small dog veterinary care routine.

Grooming Requirements

That magnificent coat demands commitment. Dog coat maintenance isn’t optional with a Peke.

Daily brushing prevents painful mats while distributing natural oils through their lion-like mane. Metal combs work well for detangling, while slicker brushes remove loose undercoat.

Bathing should happen monthly using gentle shampoos formulated for long-haired dogs. More frequent bathing strips essential oils and dries their skin.

Always blow dry completely—their thick undercoat traps moisture against the skin, potentially causing hot spots.

The facial folds need daily cleaning with unscented baby wipes or specialized pet wipes.

Moisture and debris trapped in these folds quickly lead to infections with unpleasant odors. Their dog skin folds care needs differ significantly from smooth-coated breeds.

Nail trimming every 2-3 weeks prevents painful walking and potential joint stress. Be particularly gentle—Pekes often resist nail care vigorously.

Dog grooming professionals can help if you find this challenging.

Shedding happens year-round with seasonal heaviness. Even with daily brushing, expect to find hair everywhere.

Dog shedding management tools like rubber curry brushes help during heavy seasonal shedding periods.

Exercise and Activity Needs

Despite their royal bearing, Pekingese need regular exercise—just not much of it. Their brachycephalic nature means 15-20 minute walks twice daily suffice.

Watch them closely during activity; they’ll rarely self-limit and can quickly overheat.

Indoor play provides excellent mental and physical stimulation. Rolling balls, gentle tug games, and treat-dispensing puzzles engage their minds while providing necessary movement.

Their status as indoor pet dogs makes them perfect apartment companions who don’t require large outdoor spaces.

Temperature awareness is crucial. These heat sensitive dogs struggle in warm weather due to their compromised breathing apparatus.

Schedule walks during cooler hours and always carry water. In winter, their thick coats provide good insulation, but their short legs mean they struggle in deep snow.

Weight management through appropriate exercise prevents numerous health issues. Excess weight dramatically worsens breathing problems and joint stress.

An overweight Peke pants more, moves less, and generally suffers decreased quality of life. Keep them lean through proper activity levels combined with appropriate nutrition.

Nutrition and Feeding

Dietary Requirements

Quality nutrition forms the foundation of Pekingese health. Their small size creates unique dietary needs.

Despite their sedentary nature, they need surprisingly high-quality protein sources to maintain their muscular body and luxurious coat.

The ideal macronutrient balance includes:

• 22-26% protein from quality animal sources
• 14-18% fat for energy and coat health
• Limited carbohydrates from digestible sources
• Adequate fiber to support digestive health

Flat-faced dog care includes special feeding considerations. Their facial structure makes eating standard kibble challenging.

Many owners find smaller kibble pieces or slightly moistened food works best.

Some brachycephalic breeds benefit from elevated feeding stations that reduce the neck strain of eating from floor-level bowls.

Feeding Schedule and Practices

Most adult Pekingese thrive on twice-daily feeding schedules. Puppies need 3-4 smaller meals until about 6 months old.

Seniors often return to three smaller meals as their digestive efficiency decreases.

Portion control methods prevent obesity—a serious concern for this breed. A typical adult needs approximately 200-400 calories daily, varying with:

• Activity level
• Age
• Metabolism
• Spay/neuter status

Measure food precisely rather than estimating. Even a few extra kibbles daily add significant calories for these small companion dogs.

Free-feeding almost inevitably leads to weight gain in this food-motivated breed.

Slow-feeding techniques benefit many Pekingese. Their enthusiasm sometimes leads to gulping air with food, causing uncomfortable bloating.

Puzzle feeders, snuffle mats, or specially designed slow feeder bowls extend mealtime while providing mental stimulation.

Treats and Supplements

Treats should comprise no more than 10% of daily caloric intake. Choose healthy treat options like:

• Small pieces of cooked lean meat
• Tiny vegetable bites (carrots, green beans)
• Commercial treats specifically formulated for small dog breeds
• Freeze-dried single-ingredient options

Several supplements support Pekingese health when appropriate. Glucosamine/chondroitin combinations benefit aging joints. Omega-3 fatty acids promote skin health and reduce inflammation.

Probiotics improve digestive health, particularly beneficial for breeds prone to sensitive stomachs.

Always avoid:

• Foods containing xylitol (toxic to dogs)
• Chocolate and caffeine
• Grapes and raisins
• Onions and garlic
• High-salt foods
• Fatty scraps that can trigger pancreatitis

Consult your veterinarian before starting any supplement regimen.

The AKC recommends working with professionals familiar with toy dog breed requirements to develop appropriate nutritional plans.

Their small size means even minor nutritional imbalances quickly manifest as health issues.

Training and Socialization

Early Training Fundamentals

Training a Pekingese requires understanding their independent nature.

These dogs possess the dignified self-assurance of their royal heritage, making them one of the more challenging stubborn dog breeds to train.

House training often proves particularly difficult—their small bladders combined with an aversion to cold or wet weather creates obstacles.

Success comes through consistency rather than force. Never rush a Peke puppy outdoors in bad weather without protection; they’ll simply refuse to eliminate and wait until they’re back inside!

Create indoor alternatives like pee pads during inclement weather. Patience pays dividends with this breed.

Basic commands require repetition with purpose. Their intelligence isn’t lacking—they simply question why they should listen! Make commands relevant to their daily lives:

• “Sit” before meals
• “Stay” before door opening
• “Come” with exciting rewards

Clicker training effectiveness varies with individual Pekes. Some respond brilliantly to the clear communication it provides, while others remain indifferent.

The click’s precision helps mark desired behaviors before they decide the exercise is beneath their dignity.

Socialization Strategies

Proper small dog socialization creates balanced adult Pekes.

The critical window between 8-16 weeks shapes their lifelong attitudes toward new experiences. Despite their royal attitude, they need exposure to:

• Various people (different ages, genders, appearances)
• Other animals (especially larger dogs)
• Environmental stimuli (sounds, surfaces, locations)
• Handling experiences (grooming, veterinary exams)

Carry them through initial exposures in a portable dog carrier to prevent overwhelming experiences.

Their size makes them vulnerable to accidental injury during enthusiastic greetings from larger dogs or children.

Create positive associations through treats and praise during new encounters.

Pekingese Club of America recommends controlled introductions rather than free-for-all puppy play sessions.

Their flat faces make rough play potentially dangerous, and their dignified temperament often finds chaotic environments stressful. Quality exposures matter more than quantity.

Overcoming stubbornness requires creativity. Frame training as choices rather than commands—these descendants of Chinese palace dogs respond better to the illusion of autonomy.

Use their natural intelligence to your advantage by making them think compliance was their idea all along.

Behavioral Management

Common behavioral challenges include excessive barking, separation issues, and resource guarding.

Their history as small guard dogs means they take property protection seriously. Early intervention prevents these natural tendencies from becoming problematic behaviors.

Address barking through:

1. Identifying triggers (strangers, other animals, boredom)
2. Teaching “quiet” command with consistent rewards
3. Providing appropriate outlets for alerting behavior
4. Avoiding inadvertent reinforcement of excessive noise

Separation anxiety affects some Pekes despite their independent reputation.

Their centuries as companions to royalty created a breed accustomed to constant human presence.

Gradual desensitization to departure cues and positive associations with alone time help manage this challenge.

Building confidence helps naturally shy individuals. Some Pekingese display timidity despite the breed’s typically bold nature.

Confidence-building exercises like navigating novel obstacles with encouragement develop self-assurance.

The Westminster Dog Show showcases the poised confidence these dogs can achieve with proper socialization and training.

Living With a Pekingese

Home Environment

Creating safe spaces suits the Pekingese perfectly. Their small stature requires thoughtful home arrangement.

Install ramps to favorite furniture—their short legs and long backs make jumping risky for spinal health.

Steps designed for small companion dogs provide access while protecting joints.

Temperature considerations rank among the most critical aspects of Pekingese care. Their brachycephalic structure means they struggle in temperatures above 75°F (24°C). Ensure:

• Constant access to fresh water
• Air conditioning during warm months
• Cooling mats in summer
• Limited outdoor time during heat

Their ancient lineage as sleeve dogs makes them naturally inclined to find comfortable resting spots.

Provide various bed options throughout your home, including cooler surfaces like tile for hot days and plush, insulated bedding for cooler weather.

Travel and Transportation

Car safety requires special equipment for these toy dog breeds. Secure them in appropriate carriers or harness systems designed for small dogs.

Never allow them to sit on your lap while driving—sudden stops could prove fatal for an unrestrained Peke.

Air travel presents challenges due to their breathing issues. Many airlines prohibit brachycephalic breeds in cargo holds due to oxygen concerns at altitude.

If flying is necessary, cabin travel provides the safest option, allowing you to monitor their breathing.

The Kennel Club recommends avoiding air travel entirely with extremely flat-faced individuals.

Pet-friendly accommodation searches should prioritize climate control. Even “dog-friendly” hotels may lack appropriate temperature management for these heat-sensitive companions.

Research thoroughly and pack portable fans or heating pads depending on the season.

Urban vs. Rural Living

The Pekingese thrives in apartment living. Their status as apartment-friendly breeds stems from their minimal exercise needs and generally quiet demeanor indoors. Urban environments suit them perfectly, provided they have:

• Indoor potty options during inclement weather
• Protection from extreme outdoor temperatures
• Sufficient mental stimulation despite limited space

Their low-exercise dogs classification makes yards optional rather than necessary. A small patio or balcony provides sufficient outdoor access for most Pekes.

Those living in rural settings should maintain secure, fenced areas—their small size makes them vulnerable to predators despite their fearless attitudes.

Regional climate considerations should influence adoption decisions. Areas with extended periods of high humidity and heat create ongoing health challenges for brachycephalic breeds.

These heat sensitive dogs thrive in moderate climates or homes with excellent climate control.

The AKC recommends discussing climate suitability with breeders or rescue organizations before bringing a Pekingese home to potentially challenging environments.

Finding Your Pekingese

Responsible Breeder Selection

Finding a reputable breeder marks the first crucial step in welcoming a healthy Pekingese into your home.

The Pekingese Club of America maintains a referral list of breeders who adhere to strict ethical standards.

Quality breeders happily show you their facilities and introduce you to the puppies’ parents.

Red flags that indicate problematic breeders include:

• Reluctance to show living conditions
• Inability to provide health testing documentation
• Selling puppies before 8-10 weeks of age
• Unwillingness to discuss breed challenges
• Pressure tactics or “limited time” discounts

Responsible breeders perform comprehensive health screening. At minimum, seek breeders who test for:

• Patella luxation
• Cardiac issues
• Eye conditions (CERF certification)
• Hip evaluations

Questions worth asking potential breeders:

1. How long have you been breeding Pekingese?
2. What health issues have appeared in your lines?
3. What temperament traits characterize your dogs?
4. What socialization do puppies receive before placement?
5. What guarantees or support do you provide post-purchase?

The American Kennel Club marketplace provides another option, though additional research into specific breeders remains essential.

heir verification process offers a starting point, not a complete assurance of quality.

Rescue and Adoption

Pekingese rescue organizations specialize in rehoming these unique toy dog breeds.

The Pekingese Rescue Network operates nationally with regional coordinators facilitating adoptions.

These organizations thoroughly evaluate dogs before placement, often providing detailed information about their personalities and needs.

Adult adoption offers distinct advantages. Mature Pekingese typically:

• Have established personalities (what you see is what you get)
• Come house-trained or with clear information about training status
• Have received initial veterinary care and assessments
• May have basic obedience skills

Rehabilitation considerations apply particularly to puppy mill rescues. Dogs from commercial breeding operations often need extra time and patience with housebreaking, socialization, and trust building.

Their dignified dog personality takes longer to emerge after neglectful conditions, but the transformation proves incredibly rewarding.

Foo dogs with special needs find placement through dedicated rescue organizations.

Many flat-faced dogs enter rescue due to breathing difficulties that previous owners couldn’t manage.

These dogs make wonderful companions for prepared adopters who understand their medical requirements.

Preparing for Arrival

Essential supplies for your new Pekingese include:

• Appropriately sized harness (never collars for brachycephalic breeds)
• Sturdy leash (4-6 feet, not retractable)
• Elevated food and water dishes
• High-quality small breed food
• Grooming supplies (pin brush, metal comb, detangling spray)
• Portable dog carriers for travel
• Dog skin folds care products
• Appropriate-sized beds in multiple locations

Puppy-proofing requires special attention with these inquisitive dogs. Their small size lets them access surprisingly tight spaces. Secure:

• Electrical cords
• Small objects that might be swallowed
• Toxic plants
• Access to stairs or high furniture
• Gaps in fencing

Setting realistic expectations proves vital for a smooth adjustment period. Their independent nature means they may take time to bond.

These aren’t typically instant velcro dogs. Their royal attitude often manifests as aloofness during initial interactions—this doesn’t indicate poor temperament but rather their distinctive personality.

During the first weeks:

• Maintain consistent routines
• Introduce family members gradually
• Limit visitors to prevent overwhelming your new companion
• Begin gentle grooming sessions to establish handling tolerance
• Schedule an initial veterinary visit for baseline health assessment

Connecting with the Pekingese community online provides valuable ongoing support.

Breed-specific forums offer guidance from experienced owners navigating similar challenges.

The collective wisdom of dedicated enthusiasts helps new owners appreciate the unique joys and occasional frustrations of living with these distinctive Chinese imperial dogs.

FAQ on Pekingese

How long do Pekingese dogs typically live?

The average lifespan of a Pekingese ranges from 12-14 years. With proper care, some reach 15+ years.

Regular vet checkups help manage common brachycephalic health issues. Their longevity often depends on genetic factors, diet quality, and how well their respiratory issues are monitored by attentive owners.

What are the most common health problems in Pekingese?

Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome tops the list due to their flat faces. Eye conditions like corneal ulcers and dry eye are frequent. Joint problems including patellar luxation affect many. They’re also prone to:

• Dental issues
• Heart conditions
• Skin fold infections
• Heat intolerance
• Back problems

How much grooming does a Pekingese require?

Daily brushing is essential for their lion-like mane. Their dense double coat needs thorough grooming 3-4 times weekly using proper dog brushing techniques.

Monthly baths, regular ear cleaning, and special attention to facial folds prevent infections. Professional grooming every 6-8 weeks keeps their long-haired coat manageable and healthy.

Are Pekingese good apartment dogs?

Absolutely! These small companion dogs thrive in apartments. They need minimal exercise, prefer indoor living, and rarely bark excessively.

Their low-exercise requirements make them perfect for city dwellers. Just ensure proper ventilation as they’re heat-sensitive. Their dignified personality adapts well to compact living spaces.

Do Pekingese get along with children and other pets?

Pekingese can be reserved with children. Their independent nature means they prefer gentle, respectful interaction. Early socialization helps tremendously.

With other pets, they’re surprisingly confident despite their size. Some show small dog syndrome when challenging larger dogs. Always supervise interactions with young children.

How much exercise do Pekingese need daily?

These indoor pet dogs require minimal exercise—about 20-30 minutes daily. Short walks and indoor play sessions suffice. Avoid strenuous activity during hot weather due to their breathing problems.

Their flat-faced breed status means they tire quickly. Mental stimulation through puzzle toys is equally important as physical activity.

What’s the best food for a Pekingese?

High-quality dog food for small breeds with moderate protein (20-25%) works best. Avoid fillers like corn and wheat. Specialized formulas for flat-faced dog health can help with digestion and reduce gas.

Small kibble size prevents choking. Always maintain strict portion control to prevent obesity, which worsens respiratory issues.

Are Pekingese easy to train?

Not particularly. The stubborn dog breed reputation is well-earned! Their royal attitude means they often decide what’s worth learning. Use positive reinforcement, keep sessions short, and be incredibly patient.

Their intelligence isn’t lacking—they simply have strong opinions about following commands. Consistency is absolutely critical.

What makes the Pekingese different from other toy breeds?

Their ancient lineage from Tang Dynasty China sets them apart. Unlike many toy breeds bred purely for companionship, Pekingese served symbolic roles in Chinese Imperialism.

Their distinctive flat-nosed profile, confident demeanor, and historical connection to Buddhism and lion symbolism make them unique among small dog breeds.

Do Pekingese bark a lot?

They’re moderately vocal. While not excessive barkers like some toy breeds, they’ll alert to strangers approaching their territory.

Their guard dog heritage means they take property protection seriously. Training can manage barking habits. Most Pekingese prefer dignified observation over noisy reactions—fitting for these descendants of Chinese palace dogs.

Conclusion

The Pekingese remains one of the most distinctive and historically significant purebred dogs in the world.

Their remarkable journey from the Forbidden City to worldwide popularity showcases their enduring appeal.

These small guard dogs combine a regal bearing with practical adaptability for modern living.

Owning this ancient dog breed means embracing certain responsibilities. Their coat maintenance requires dedicated grooming, while their breathing problems demand vigilant healthcare. Yet owners receive immeasurable rewards:

• A loyal companion with centuries of nobility in their lineage
• A lap dog with surprisingly effective guard dog instincts
• A pet whose dignified dog personality brings character to any home

Whether competing in Westminster Dog Show events or simply lounging regally on your sofa, the Pekingese carries its heritage proudly.

This Chinese dog breed with the lion’s mane continues to capture hearts with its blend of independence and devotion.

Few breeds offer such a rich historical connection with everyday practicality.