Introduction
Mast cell tumors in dogs, also known as mastocytomas and mast cell sarcomas, is a form of malignant cancer in dogs. It is the most frequently diagnosed canine cancer, and it occurs most often on the skin where it then spreads to the lymph systems and internal organs.
Causes of Mast Cell Tumors in Dogs
The cause of mast cell tumors is unknown, although some breeds have a higher incidence rate of this type of cancer. Boston Terriers, Boxers, English Bulldogs, Pugs, and Rhodesian Ridgebacks are breeds which are more prone to developing mast cell tumors. Mast cell tumors can occur in any sex at any age, but they usually appear on dogs between 8 – 10 years of age.
Symptoms of Mast Cell Tumors
Symptoms of mast cell tumors in dogs include raised circular masses on the dog’s skin that feel soft on the outside but solid on the inside. They may be present on top of the skin or just under the skin’s surface and may feel smooth or bumpy. Some mast cells weep and bleed and look like raised sores.
Diagnosing Mast Cell Tumors
Examining the cells of the mass under a microscope can help to indicate the possibility of a mast cell tumor, but the only way to confirm the diagnosis is through a biopsy of the area.
Treating Mast Cell Tumors in Dogs
Once the mast cell has been diagnosed, it is graded as a stage I, II, III, or IV cancer. Stage I mast cell tumors, and some of the surrounding tissues, are treated through surgical excisions. Stage II – IV tumors are treated through excision, radiation, cortisone, and chemotherapy treatments.
Outlook for Dogs with Mast Cell Tumors
The outlook for mast cell tumors depends on how progressed the cancer is. Mast cell tumors graded in the I – II stage usually have a good prognosis, while mast cell tumors in the III – IV stage have a guarded prognosis and are dependent on the response to chemotherapy and radiation treatments.