Introduction
Eczema is a general term for any superficial inflammatory process of the skin, usually marked by redness, itchiness, raised bumps, oozing sores, crusting and scaling. It can occur in dogs of all ages and breeds.
How Eczema Affects Dogs
The clinical signs of eczema include red, raised, inflamed and itchy patches on the skin. These patches may be dry and scaly (dry eczema), or they may ooze and weep (moist eczema). Dogs with this condition often have an unpleasant odor to their skin due to secondary yeast infections. They also are prone to developing secondary bacterial skin infections and ear infections. Most dogs with eczema experience extreme discomfort, itchiness and even pain.
Causes of Eczema in Dogs
Eczema is usually caused by an immune-mediated or allergic reaction to ingredients in food or to environmental allergens. While all breeds of dogs are susceptible to developing eczema, breeds which have marked skin folds are at an increased risk. Dogs living in hot, humid climates are also more prone to developing eczema.
Preventing Eczema in Dogs
Since most cases of eczema have an immune-mediated component, preventing the condition requires identification and avoidance of the allergen. Medicated shampoos can help to reduce inflammation and itching and sooth the skin. Antibiotics and/or antihistamines are available from your veterinarian to help manage the dog’s immune reactions.
Special Notes
Eczema, whether moist or dry, can be difficult to treat. However, treatment is essential in order to prevent secondary bacterial infections and the obvious discomfort associated with this condition. The prognosis for dogs with eczema is quite good, especially when the cause of the condition is removed from the dog’s environment. If the underlying allergen remains unknown, prescription medication may be necessary to keep the condition under control.