Symptoms in Domesticated Dogs
Typical signs of canine distemper seen in the domestic dog include respiratory and intestinal problems such as coughing, diarrhea, vomiting, nasal and ocular discharge, anorexia, and hyperkeratosis of the nasal planum and foot pads. Central nervous system signs may follow the above clinical signs.
Symptoms in Wild Animals
In wild carnivores, signs of abnormal behavior and apparent lack of fear, suggestive of rabies, may be the only signs grossly visible. Often the animals are presented with a purulent conjunctivitis and nasal discharge and the eyelids may be adhered together with crusty exudate. Neurological disturbances are often seen such as aggressiveness, disorientation, lack of alertness, convulsive movements of the head and paws, and aimless wandering. There may be evidence of diarrhea, labored breathing and an unkempt appearance to the fur. Due to the diarrhea and vomiting, the animal may be dehydrated and exhibit excessive thirst. Weakness and emaciation have been associated with canine distemper, but often animals will be acutely affected and be presented in good nutritional condition.
Pathology of Canine Distemper
The pathological lesions of canine distemper include pulmonary congestion and consolidation leading to focal pneumonitis. Eosinophilic rounded or ovoid bodies with refractile particles are found in the epithelial cells of skin, bronchi, intestinal tract, urinary tract, bile duct, salivary glands, adrenal glands, central nervous system, lymph nodes and spleen. At the time of necropsy, an enlarged spleen is usually seen.