Introduction
Canine distemper is a type of highly contagious virus which affects dogs around the world. The virus is contracted by coming into contact with bodily fluids or through inhalation of aerial droplets that were in the air due to coughing and sneezing from an infected animal. Canine distemper can be fatal, especially to puppies, if it is not aggressively treated in a timely manner. A vaccine which prevents the disease is available and highly recommended for all dogs.
Symptoms of Canine Distemper
The signs of canine distemper often begin with a fever which develops days to weeks after the initial infection. The fever resolves on its own then comes back again several days later and on average lasts less than 7 days. During this time the dog may also develop a running nose, green or yellow discharge around the eyes, and a loss of appetite that can result in dramatic weight loss. As the dog’s immune system becomes weakened by the distemper, opportunistic bacteria can cause secondary infections resulting in respiratory symptoms such as sneezing and coughing, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea. If the dog survives this stage, the disease progresses to neurological disorders in which the dog develops central nervous symptoms which may include muscle spasms, paralysis, circling and the inability to walk in a straight line, increased salivation, unusual jaw movements, and seizures.
Diagnosing Canine Distemper
The diagnosis of canine distemper is usually based upon the dog’s symptoms, history, and ruling out any other causes of the disease. In some cases analysis of nasal or lung secretions are tested for the virus.
Treating Canine Distemper
Treatment for canine distemper involves stabilizing the dog through supportive care such as fluid and electrolytic replacement, anti-seizure medications, dietary and vitamin supplements, and keeping the dog comfortable, warm, and quiet. In some cases antibiotics are prescribed to treat secondary bacterial infections.
Outlook for Dogs with Canine Distemper
The prognosis of canine distemper depends on how quickly the disease was diagnosed, if neurological symptoms developed, and the age of the dog. Puppies often have a poor prognosis for distemper recovery, while young healthy dogs have a somewhat better prognosis. Once neurological symptoms develop, the prognosis is very poor and euthanasia is often recommended.