Introduction
Urinary tract infections in dogs (UTIs), if not successfully treated, are likely to persist or recur and progress into other, much more serious problems. In addition to the pain and discomfort caused to dogs by these infections, the bacterial or other contributing organisms can proliferate and infect areas in addition to the lower urinary tract (urethra and bladder), particularly the kidneys and ureters which comprise the upper urinary tract. Even more dangerous is the potential for systemic infection, which is called “sepsis” and is a true, life-threatening clinical emergency. The infection can also spread to the heart and the central nervous system.
Preventing Urinary Tract Infections in Dogs
Obviously, preventing or correcting any predisposing disorder is the best way to reduce the risk of UTIs in dogs. When underlying predisposing conditions cannot be controlled or eliminated, dogs with recurring infections may need to be on long-term, low dose, bedtime prophylactic antibiotic treatment, which carries its own risks. Chronic antibiotic use can contribute to allergic drug reactions and bacterial antibiotic resistance, which increasingly is a problem in both human and veterinary medicine. Certain antibiotics can be nephrotoxic with prolonged use as well. Another precaution against canine UTIs is avoiding the indiscriminate use of urinary catheters.
All dogs should have free access to fresh, clean and ample water supplies at all times (of course unless otherwise indicated by a veterinarian). This promotes hydration and can help physically flush microorganisms out in the urine – especially as they are in the process of ascending up the lower urinary tract. Regular urination is also important to prevent accumulation, reproduction and concentration of bacteria in the bladder. Owners can help by walking their dogs frequently and encouraging them to play outside to promote urination.