Definition of Arrhythmias
A cardiac arrhythmia is a disturbance in the normal rhythm of the heart, either in frequency (beats too fast or too slow), in amplitude (beats too strongly or too weakly), in regularity, or most commonly in all of these areas.
How Cardiac Arrhythmias Affect Dogs
Some animals live a normal life with mild heartbeat disturbances, while others are affected much more dramatically. When signs do appear, they are usually subtle and include owner complaints that their dog tires easily, pants and has breathing difficulty while resting and coughs. Even these signs may wax and wane. Dogs with more severe arrhythmias can have fainting spells, abdominal discomfort, more severe difficulty breathing, fatigue, exercise intolerance and even sudden death.
Causes of Heartbeat Arrhythmias in Dogs
Cardiac arrhythmias involve abnormal electrical activity in heart muscle. They can be caused by congenital heart abnormalities, genetic factors, environmental stresses, infections, injuries, ingestion of toxins, underlying heart disease, breed predisposition and many other contributing factors. Arrhythmias happen in dogs of all ages and breeds, including mixed breeds, and in males and females alike.
Preventing Heartbeat Arrhythmias in Dogs
Because the potential causes of heartbeat irregularities are so varied, there is no simple way to prevent them. Good dietary management, regular exercise and annual veterinary check-ups will go a long way to keeping companion dogs fit and sound.
Special Notes
It is important for owners to remember that, as with murmurs, heartbeat abnormalities often go undetected for years, and many dogs never show signs of discomfort or distress. Moreover, heart arrhythmias often can be managed with medication and lifestyle changes.