Introduction
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA), also called Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA) is an autoimmune condition in dogs. Simply put, the dog’s immune system begins attacking its own red blood cells. This results in a decrease in the blood’s capacity to carry oxygen.
Symptoms of Anemia in Dogs
Symptoms of AIHA may appear suddenly or gradually over time. One of the initial signs of anemia in dogs is an increasing pallor of the gums and sometimes the nasal pigment. Your dog becomes notably weak, lethargic and depressed due to the lack of oxygen getting to its tissues. She may show disinterest in her favorite activities and toys. Lethargy might be accompanied by a lack in appetite as well as excessive thirst and urination. Your dog may also experience shortness of breath or rapid breathing after ordinary activities like going for a walk or light playing.
Other common symptoms to look for are vomiting and diarrhea. Additionally, stool and urine should be checked for blood. Urine might be dark orange or brown in color.
Jaundice is another common indicator in dogs with AIHA. Jaundice is the yellow color absorbed in tissues when the liver is overwhelmed with bilirubin. Bilirubin is a yellow byproduct resulting from the breakdown of red blood cells. In a healthy dog, the liver will absorb, metabolize, and excrete bilirubin. In an AIHA dog, the liver is unable to process bilirubin, causing the mucous membranes in the gums, skin, ears and the eyes take on a pale or yellowish discoloration.
Further examination by your veterinarian may reveal enlargement of the spleen or liver, a heart murmur, fever and/or inflammation of the lymph nodes.
Dogs at Increased Risk of Anemia
Studies have shown AIHA to be more common in middle-aged females, and certain breeds: Cocker Spaniels, Miniature Schnauzers, Old English Sheep Dogs, Poodles, Lhasa Apsos, and Shih Tzus. Though survival rates for dogs with AIHA are low, if caught early, extensive treatment can be effective. If your dog exhibits any of the symptoms described, please see your veterinarian immediately.