Introduction
Glaucoma refers to a group of disorders of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that leads to vision deficiencies and ultimately blindness if left untreated.
How Glaucoma Affects Dogs
Glaucoma occurs when fluid builds up within the eye, causing pressure in the eye to increase. This progressive condition may occur in one or both eyes, and immediate treatment is necessary to prevent permanent eye damage, pain and blindness. Many owners do not realize that their dog is suffering from glaucoma until the condition has progressed to an advanced stage. In most cases, the condition appears first in one eye, and a short time later appears in the other. Owners may notice redness or a cloudy appearance to the eye. There may be an abnormal amount of ocular discharge and the dog may stumble over objects in its path, bark more often than usual or bump into things. In advanced stages, glaucoma causes the affected eye(s) to bulge. The pupil may be larger than usual and may not contract quickly when exposed to light. Dogs with glaucoma often exhibit behavioral changes, generally attributable to pain. They may seem lethargic, depressed or irritated, and they may eat less than normal. They might paw at their eyes or rub their face against furniture or along the ground, which can cause self-trauma. They also can be photosensitive, squinting to avoid bright or direct light. Often, they resist being touched on the face or head.
Causes of Glaucoma
The normal eye is filled with fluid, called aqueous humor, in an amount that is carefully regulated to keep the eyeball in its proper shape. With glaucoma, this balance is disturbed and pressure inside the eye builds up. Without treatment, the elevated pressure will damage the retina and, ultimately, the optic nerve, causing blindness. There is no particular age or gender predisposition to the development of glaucoma in dogs. While it can occur in any breed, certain breeds are predisposed to this condition.
Prevention of Glaucoma in Dogs
There is no proven way to prevent glaucoma in dogs.
Special Notes
Glaucoma is not a life-threatening condition, but it definitely can adversely affect a dog’s quality of life. The prognosis for dogs suffering from glaucoma is variable. Most dogs will ultimately become blind, despite medical and surgical treatment.