Ectropion in Dogs: An Overview

Dog Breeds

Ectropion is a condition in dogs which causes the eyelid to roll outward. This abnormality usually occurs in the center of the eye of the lower eyelids, and either one or both of the eyes may be affected. Ectropion symptoms in dogs can be mild, moderate, or severe, but with the right treatments this condition has an excellent outlook.

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Introduction

Ectropion is a physical condition in which the eyelid rolls outward, exposing the sensitive inner eyelid to harsh environmental conditions and damage. This abnormality usually occurs in the middle of the lower eyelids, and either one or both eyes may be affected. Ectropion symptoms can be mild, moderate or severe, but with the right treatment this condition has an excellent prognosis.

How Ectropion Affects Dogs

Clinical signs of ectropion are usually obvious to owners. The most common sign is a pronounced droopy lower eyelid. Affected dogs also commonly have watery eyes, swollen or red conjunctiva, facial staining from tear overflow, ocular inflammation and/or eye infections. Since ectropion by definition causes the sensitive lining of the eyelid to be exposed to environmental conditions, bacterial eye infections are common in dogs with this disorder. A condition known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (“KCS" or “dry eye”) often accompanies ectropion, because tears do not coat the eyes long enough to moisten them. Signs of ectropion frequently seem to improve, only to reappear at a later date. Signs associated with severe cases normally do not wax and wane and will not improve without treatment.

Causes of Ectropion in Dogs

Canine ectropion can show up in dogs of any age or gender, depending upon the underlying cause of the condition. It frequently is developmental, with a definite genetic predisposition in certain breeds, especially those with loose facial skin. Ectropion can also be acquired from trauma, inflammation, foreign bodies, infection, corneal ulceration, marked weight loss or loss of muscle tone around the eyes. Developmental ectropion tends to be seen in young dogs. Acquired ectropion is more common in older dogs.

Preventing Ectropion in Dogs

Affected animals (or close relatives) should not be used in a breeding program due to the apparent genetic component to this disorder.

Special Notes

The goals of treating canine ectropion are to resolve any underlying painful conditions and to correct severe cases that are causing continuous ocular pain. Mild to moderate cases may require little treatment other than supportive care, while severe cases may require surgical correction to prevent permanent eye damage. The prognosis for dogs with ectropion are quite good. Periodic treatment with lubricating drops, creams or ointments may be appropriate.

Symptoms and Types