Introduction
Conjunctivitis is defined as inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is the delicate, well-vascularized mucous membrane lining the upper and lower eyelids and covering the outermost parts of the eyeball. It is one of the most common eye disorders in dogs.
How Conjunctivitis Affects Dogs
Conjunctivitis is also called “red eye” for obvious reasons. It is painful and irritating to affected dogs and frustrating for their owners. Clinical signs of conjunctivitis include swollen and sticky eyelids, excessive tearing, pawing at the eyes, squinting, pronounced redness and inflammation. It can occur in one eye or in both and often is accompanied by a profuse, thick ocular discharge. Left untreated, chronic conjunctivitis can permanently damage the cornea and other surrounding ocular tissues.
Causes of Conjunctivitis in Dogs
There are many causes of conjunctivitis. They include trauma, allergies, foreign body intrusion, bacterial or viral infection, neoplasia and immune-mediated conditions. Certain breeds are predisposed to developing conjunctivitis, especially those with long narrow skulls, deeply set eyes and inadequate tear drainage(Afghan hounds, Dobermans, Poodles).
Preventing Conjunctivitis in Dogs
Dogs chronically affected by conjunctivitis – especially if it is due to a structural or conformational breed predisposition – probably should not be bred. Dogs with an immune-mediated cause of conjunctivitis may require lifelong oral or topical prescription therapy.
Special Notes
Medicated eye drops can be quite helpful for dogs suffering from conjunctivitis. In troublesome cases, owners may be referred to a specialized veterinary ophthalmologist for advanced diagnostic testing and treatment. While chronic conjunctivitis can be frustrating for owners, it usually can be treated effectively once the cause is determined.