Definition of Liver Disease
Liver disease is the medical term used to describe any type of liver disorder.
How Liver Disease Affects Dogs
The liver executes some of the most complex functions in a dog’s body. It metabolizes fat, carbohydrates and protein. It also stores vitamins and minerals and aids in digestion and detoxification of wastes. The signs of liver disease are extremely variable. They include inappetance, depression, lethargy, weakness, weight loss, unkempt hair coat, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration. Another common sign is abdominal enlargement. Some more specific signs of liver disease include jaundice, bilirubinuria, changes in the color of feces, increased thirst and frequency of urination and neurological and behavioral changes that can include aggression, agitation, disorientation, depression, trembling, circling, lack of coordination, aimless wandering, pacing, head-pressing, blindness, excessive salivation, generalized seizures and even comas. These signs can wax and wane over time. Companion animals with liver disease can also have problems with clotting of their blood.
Causes of Liver Disease in Dogs
There is no one precise cause of liver disease in dogs. Chronic liver disease can be familial or caused by infection or ingestion of certain drugs or innumerable other toxins. Liver disease also can be caused by fibrosis, congenital vascular disorders, biliary tract disorders, abscesses and various types of cancer. Liver disease can be acute in onset or chronic. There are thousands of toxins that can damage the liver if ingested. Any heart or circulatory problem affecting blood flow to the liver can also cause liver disease. Secondary liver problems might be triggered by metabolic diseases like diabetes, pancreatitis, Cushing’s disease or hypothyroidism. Some other possible causes include trauma, infectious diseases (fungal, viral and bacterial) and environmental stresses.
Prevention of Liver Disease in Dogs
Other than maintaining a healthy environment for your dog – with a great diet, fresh water and warm well-padded bedding and lots of play time – there is no real way to prevent liver disease.
Special Notes
There are a number of treatment protocols for dogs with liver disease. These include prescription and over-the-counter medications, dietary supplements, lifestyle changes, supportive care, surgical procedures and a number of other possible therapies that your veterinarian can discuss with you if your dog is diagnosed with liver disease. The liver is a remarkably complex organ that can malfunction and recover in multiple ways.