Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus (GDV), also termed Bloat or stomach torsion, is a medical condition in which the dog's stomach becomes overstretched by excessive gas, combined with the stomach twisting into an irregular position. Bloat is a life threatening condition that can result in death and requires immediate medical treatment.
Bloat in dogs can be caused by a multitude of factors, but in all cases the immediate prerequisite is a dysfunction of the sphincter between the esophagus and stomach. Recurrence of bloat attacks can be a problem. To prevent recurrence, a right-side gastropexy is often performed at the same time the bloat is treated surgically.
Symptoms are not necessarily distinguishable from other kinds of distress. A dog might stand uncomfortably and seem to be in extreme discomfort for no apparent reason. Other possible symptoms include firm distension of the abdomen, wakness, depression, difficulty breathing, and hypersalivation. A diagnosis of bloat is made by several factors. Breed and history may give suspicion of bloat. The physical exam should reveal the telltale sign of a distended abdomen with abdominal tympany.
Bloat is a potentially deadly condition which requires emergency medical treatment. If a dog has symptoms of bloat, the dog’s overall status is immediately assessed. Courses of teatment include actions to stablize the dog and surgery to address the bloat.