Introduction
Dogs suffering from a stroke need immediate veterinarian attention. The goals of therapy for stroke include minimizing brain swelling and associated tissue damage, treating the underlying cause of the stroke and rehabilitating the dog physically. Once the cause of the stroke is determined, the treatment protocol can be determined as well. Early diagnosis and treatment will dramatically enhance the outlook for a full recovery. If your dog displays any signs of stroke, please take him or her to your veterinarian or to a nearby emergency clinic immediately.
There are two types of strokes that can occur in dogs: ischemic strokes and hemorrhagic strokes. Ischemic strokes occur when the blood supply to the brain has been compromised and the brain becomes oxygen-deprived. Hemorrhagic strokes occur when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, causing abnormal bleeding inside the brain. While strokes in dogs are not common, they do happen, and it is important to recognize them and treat them promptly.
Treating Stroke in Dogs
Treatment for a dog who has had a stroke primarily involves supportive and nursing care. The dog should be rehydrated with fluids if necessary, and recumbent patients should be kept warm and dry with soft, absorbent bedding that is changed frequently. They also will need to be moved/rolled regularly to prevent pressure sores and urine scalding. Physical therapy is recommended as well. If the stroke was caused by an underlying medical condition such as diabetes or Cushing’s disease, that condition must be addressed. If the stroke was caused by some traumatic injury to the brain, supportive care and perhaps medication will be used.
A variety of drugs are available to help treat dogs suffering from a stroke, depending again upon its cause. These include sedatives (to address disorientation and ataxia), antiemetics (to address nausea and vomiting), antiinflammatories (to control swelling), anti-seizure medications (to, of course, control seizures) and antibiotics (when infection cannot be ruled out as a possible cause of the stroke).
Normally, no dietary restrictions are required. Improvement of clinical signs usually starts within 72 hours of treatment, with resolution of vomiting and improvement of ataxia. Most patients return to normal within 2 to 3 weeks after having a stroke. Recurrence is rare, but can happen. Permanent disabilities can happen as well.