Introduction
A seizure, also called a convulsion, is the clinical manifestation of excessive, abnormal electrical nerve activity in the cerebral cortex of the brain. The location and extent of this abnormal electrical activity determines how the seizure is seen clinically.
Symptoms of Seizures
Seizures can occur in dogs of any age, sex or breed. Seizures involve any combination of uncontrollable, involuntary, excessive or reduced motor activity, alteration in consciousness or other physical disturbance. Seizures are transient and start and stop abruptly. They tend to start with a far-away look in the dog’s eyes, and affected dogs may appear needy, agitated and nervous – as if they are not understanding what is happening in their surroundings. The dog may tremble and appear to lose awareness of its environment. Once the trembling progresses, the dog may fall on its side, paddling and convulsing. Some dogs chomp their teeth and have facial muscle twitching. They may become temporarily blind, vomit or display excessive salivation. Affected dogs may also urinate or defecate inappropriately. The episodes can last from seconds to minutes.
In the time following a seizure (called the post-ictal period), the dog begins to recover. She may still experience temporary blindness and some post-seizure convulsions. This typically lasts for about an hour, but could last for several days. She may still appear disoriented and sleep heavily for a long time following a seizure.
Seizures are somewhat common in dogs, but should be taken seriously. Sometimes, other neurological conditions can cause clinical signs similar to those caused by a seizure. These should be attended to, as well. If your dog exhibits any of the clinical signs of seizures discussed above, please consult with your veterinarian.