Coonhound Paralysis in Dogs: An Overview

Dog Breeds

Coonhound paralysis, technically called idiopathic acute polyradiculoneuritis, is an acute and rapidly progressive inflammation of spinal nerves and nerve roots. It normally causes complete paralysis of all four of a dog’s legs, but after a period of time goes away.

Read More >

Definition of Coonhound Paralysis

Coonhound paralysis, technically called idiopathic acute polyradiculoneuritis, is an acute and rapidly progressive inflammation of spinal nerves and nerve roots. It normally causes complete paralysis of all four of a dog’s legs, but after a period of time goes away. It is among the most common peripheral nerve disorders in North American dogs, but it still is an uncommon ailment. The popular name “Coonhound paralysis” persists, because early cases of the condition in were thought to be caused by contact between hunting dogs and raccoons. However, many cases of acute polyradiculoneuritis occur spontaneously in dogs with no exposure to raccoons or raccoon saliva.

Causes of Coonhound Paralysis

Coonhound paralysis is thought to involve an immune-mediated attack of antibodies directed against a dog’s own peripheral nerves. It may be precipitated by contact with the saliva of a raccoon following a bite incident, although there is no known scientific reason for this connection. There may be a viral or bacterial agent involved that has not yet been identified. The actual cause of this condition is not well-understood.

Prevention of Coonhound Paralysis

Dogs who suffer a bout of idiopathic acute polyradiculoneuritis do not develop immunity to the condition. They remain at risk of subsequent episodes if they come into contact with the causative agent at some later date. Until the cause of this condition is identified, prevention is not possible.

Special Notes

The time from onset of clinical signs to complete paralysis can be as short as 12 hours or as long as 10 days. Owners who notice early symptoms often are not overly concerned, because their dogs are alert and continue to eat and drink normally. As the disease progresses and the dog deteriorates, it becomes increasingly obvious that something is seriously wrong. Until the affected dog recovers motor function in its legs, it will need supportive nursing care around the clock, because it will not be able to rise, stand or walk without assistance. Soft bedding and daily physical therapy are important to a full recovery. As long as supportive therapies are continued, the prognosis for this condition is very good.

Symptoms and Types