Introduction
Any signs of back or neck pain in companion animals should be taken seriously and merit immediate veterinary attention. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent permanent pain and paralysis in many cases. Veterinarians have a number of tools to help them diagnose IVDD and localize the lesion to particular areas along the spinal cord. These include spinal radiographs (x-rays), sampling and analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid and other advanced imaging studies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT scan). Myelography is a diagnostic procedure that involves injecting dye into the spinal column and then taking radiographs to visualize pressure points from bulging disk material.
Treating Canine IVDD
The goal of treating IVDD is to reverse the neurological dysfunction by alleviating pressure on the spinal cord. Treatment options range from rest and conservative medical management to surgical intervention. The exact therapeutic protocol will vary depending on the severity of the disease. If the affected dog is overweight, they should be put on a weight-loss program. Owners should monitor their dog’s ability to urinate and defecate normally.
Strictly enforced cage rest for 3-6 weeks is a critical component of medical therapy. Recumbent dogs should be on well-padded beds and be turned regularly to prevent pressure sores. Affected animals should get minimal exercise and should not be permitted to run or jump. Physical therapy (including swimming and passive range of motion of leg and other joints) is commonly used as well.
Pain management options include oral corticosteroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), narcotic analgesic drugs and muscle relaxants. In refractory cases, the veterinarian may recommend surgical decompression by one of a number of available techniques.
Many dogs are managed well without surgery, especially if their disease is caught and treated early. Dogs that have lost deep pain sensation and are unable to move their legs for days or weeks before surgery have a more guarded prognosis.