Appearance
The German Shepherd is a large and strong dog, typically between 50 and 88 pounds. Males typically stand 24 to 26 inches in height, and females stand 22 to 24 inches. The fur is double coated, and while some organizations accept long haired German Shepherds, short haired dogs are typically preferred.
German Shepherds are easily identifiable by their large head, ears which stand straight up, wedge-shaped muzzle and compact legs. They also have a distinctive gait, as well as other breed-specific features.
Coat and Color
For conformation-line dogs, the most common color combinations are black-and-tan and black-and-red. Combinations containing very light hues such as cream are typically considered faulty. All-black is usually, but not always, accepted. A white German Shepherd is automatically disqualified from entering the show ring. Working-line dogs are typically sable, black-and-tan or black-and-brown.
There are several different color-marking patterns. For conformation-line dogs, the "saddle" marking is the most well-known. This consists of a large black patch on the upper and middle back, extending partway down the dog's sides. The "sable" marking, which consists of one color with randomly sized and shaped patches of different colored hair mixed in, is typical for working-line dogs. The other popular marking is called "bi-color" and consists of a dog that is all one color (typically black) save for differently-colored paws and lower legs, and sometimes a swath on the belly.
Working lines vs. Show Lines
Conformation line dogs are bred to conform to the published breed standards for appearance, health, and workability. Because they are bred for conformation and beauty, these dogs are most often found as quality pets.
Working line German Shepherds are typically excluded from the show ring as most don't conform to the highest levels of the breed standard for physical appearance. These dogs are bred to have an enduring work drive, and unwavering obedience. Extremely well-suited for police and military work, these dogs are less suitable as pets for home environments, and owners should be familiar with their dogs' abilities and needs.