Introduction
Upper respiratory infection in cats affects the upper airways which also includes the mouth, nose, sinuses, and in some cases the eyes. These types of infections are highly contagious, and they are caused by a variety of viruses. The two main viruses that are responsible for upper respiratory infection in cats are the feline herpes virus, (also known as the feline viral rhinotracheitis virus), and the feline calicivirus. There are various strains of these viruses, and vaccinations are available which target the most prevalent viral strains. These two viruses do not live long in the environment, but they can be spread through the air, saliva, nasal discharge, contaminated food and water dishes, and contaminated shoes and clothes.
Causes of URI in Cats
It is possible for cats to become carriers of upper respiratory infection without showing any symptoms. These cats can shed the virus for years and infect other cats they come into contact with. Cats that have been diagnosed with upper respiratory infections will also carry the virus for many years even though they no longer show any symptoms. In some cases, cats that carry a respiratory infection become ill with the virus again if they become stressed or if their immune system becomes compromised.
Outlook for Cats with URI
Most cats and kittens survive an upper respiratory infection illness. However in some cases if the infection is severe and left untreated secondary bacterial illnesses can occur. These secondary bacterial illnesses can cause permanent damage to a cat’s nasal and upper airway passages if left untreated. Secondary bacterial illnesses can also lead to life threatening diseases such as pneumonia.