Introduction
Lupus is a rare autoimmune disorder that can occur in cats. It is believed that there is a genetic link to this disease as Himalayan, Persian, and Siamese cats seem to be the most affected breeds. There are two types of lupus that can occur in cats: discoid lupus and systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus cannot be cured, but the symptoms can be controlled through medical treatments.
Treating Lupus in Cats
Discoid Lupus
Discoid lupus causes the immune system of the cat to attack the tissues of the ears and face. A course of oral steroids is often prescribed to lessen the symptoms and bring the lupus under control. In addition to oral steroids, antibiotics with anti-inflammatory properties are also prescribed to calm inflammation of the affected tissues and address any secondary bacterial diseases. Steroid creams can be applied to the face and ears too; however most cats remove the creams as soon as they are applied. Keeping the cat out of the sun will also help to reduce future incidences.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus causes the immune system of the cat to attack multiple tissues throughout the body. Unfortunately the prognosis for this type of lupus in cats is very poor. Oral steroid therapy using corticosteroids, such as prednisone, prednisolone, and methylprednisolone, are often prescribed; however long term steroid use has many damaging side effects. Keeping the cat out of the sun can also help to reduce outbreaks of this form of lupus.
Systemic lupus erythematosus may go into remission through steroid treatment, but for many cats a secondary reoccurrence of the disease is often fatal. In most cases of systemic lupus erythematosus in cats, supportive care is given to lessen the symptoms and pain until euthanasia is necessary.