Introduction
Periodontal disease is a condition that occurs when the tissue around the teeth becomes inflamed due to bacterial infection. In time, the inflammation and infection can lead to tissue, and sometimes bone, breakdown around the tooth in addition to conditions known as periodontitis and gingivitis. There are a number of bacteria that can lead to periodontal disease, and in many cases multiple bacteria at one time are present in the tissues. In most cases, the bacteria accumulate as a result of age and poor dental care.
Cats can also suffer from FORL lesions (Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions). These lesions are incredibly painful and can result in poor appetite and hypersalivation. It is one of the most common diseases of cats and frequently occurs with periodontal disease.
Symptoms of Periodontal Disease
- Bad breath
- Visual inflammation and redness of the gums surrounding the teeth
- Decreased gum tissue surrounding the teeth (often it looks as if the gums are receding away from the teeth)
- Tooth loss
- Mouth pain
Diagnosing Periodontal Disease Cats
Periodontal disease is diagnosed based on an oral examination of the pet’s mouth and in some cases oral x-rays.
Treating Periodontal Disease
Treatment for periodontal disease includes cleaning the teeth below the gingival margin, cleaning the teeth above and below the gum line, removing decayed teeth, and placing the animal on antibiotics to clear up any current infections. Some vets also have an option now for non-anesthestic dental cleaning procedures. Many pet owners swear by this procedure, especially since it causes less pain for the animal, but it is currently not approved by the big vet associations including the American Veterinary Dental Society.
Outlook for Cats with Periodontal Disease
The prognosis for periodontal disease is good to excellent as long as pet owners follow up with regular dental care and treatment plans. If the disease is not treated, the bacteria in the mouth ultimately gets in the bloodstream and can effect normal heart function.
Follow-Up Care Instructions
The follow up care includes placing the cat on a hard diet that will help to keep the remaining teeth clean and strong, brushing the cat’s teeth daily or every other day, and scheduling dental cleanings on a recommended schedule. Some pets may only need once a year cleaning, and in severe cases pets need a repeated dental cleaning every 3-6 months.