Introduction - Anaphylactic Shock
Anaphylactic shock is a type of deadly allergic reaction that can quickly result in death if it is not treated in time. This type of allergic reaction is most well known for causing anaphylactic reactions in people who are allergic to bee stings. However many mammals can suffer from anaphylactic shock, and cats are no exception.
Causes of Anaphylactic Shock
Anaphylactic shock in cats most often occurs due to an allergic reaction to vaccines, food ingredients, insect stings, and medications. Once the cat is exposed to the allergen, a chain reaction quickly occurs in the body. Cells inside of the cat’s body, called mast cells, release large amounts of immune regulating compounds in response to the allergen. These regulating compounds are normally released in some amounts in response to allergies or to heal wounds, but when they are released all at once in large amounts anaphylactic shock occurs.
Implications of Anaphylactic Shock
The release of immune regulating compounds causes the blood vessels to swell, and the cat’s blood pressure will then drop. Tissues, organs, and blood vessels become damaged from the drastic swelling. As a result of these reactions, anaphylactic cats will experience symptoms which include: restlessness, facial swelling, vomiting, sudden diarrhea, shock, difficulty walking, collapse, and seizures.
Anaphylactic shock reactions often begin within minutes of exposure to the allergen. The symptoms progress rapidly, and epinephrine must be administered quickly to stop the reaction. Anaphylactic shock can occur again if the cat is exposed to the allergen in the future. If your cat is showing any symptoms of anaphylactic shock, take your cat to a veterinarian or emergency clinic immediately.