Introduction
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which an animal has low levels of functioning thyroid hormone resulting in decreased metabolic rates. Hypothyroidism produces a number of symptoms that can lead to serious illness if left unattended.
The thyroid lobes are located along the underside of the neck, and play a key role in controlling the rate that energy is processed in the body (metabolism or metabolic rate). In normal operation, the thyroid gland releases hormones called T4 and T3, and they circulate around the body and encourage cells to process the building blocks for energy metabolism. When thyroid hormones are decreased, the animal’s metabolism slows down and causes negative effects on many of the animal’s body processes.
Causes of Hypothyroidism
Most cases of hypothyroidism in animals is the results of damage to the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland may become inflamed and the cells that produce hormones may cease to work. Cancer, genetic defects, or iodine deficiency may be an uncommon cause.
Symptoms of Hypothyroidism
Signs of hypothyroidism in include:
- Reduced activity
- Dull attitude
- Weakness
- Poor haircoat (dull, dry)
- Excess shedding
- Tendency to gain weight
- Hair loss
- New areas of darker than normal skin coloration
- Heat seeking behavior.
If you suspect an animal is showing these signs, see your veterinarian for tests and diagnosis. Blood samples, X-rays, skin biopsies and an ECG may be done to help confirm the diagnosis of hypothyroidism.