Introduction
Idiopathic vestibular disease (IVD) in cats is a condition which occurs when the vestibular system of the body is unable to function properly. The vestibular system is responsible for the body’s ability to orient itself and coordinate movement. This condition is also known as geriatric vestibular syndrome because it commonly affects older cats.
Causes of Idiopathic Vestibular Disease
In most cases of idiopathic vestibular disease in cats the cause of the condition is never determined, which is why this condition is referred to as ‘idiopathic.’ However, in other instances middle ear infections or lesions on the brain have been known to cause this condition.
Symptoms of IVD
Symptoms of idiopathic vestibular disease usually begin suddenly without warning and they often become severe in a short period of time. The most common symptoms associated with this condition are lack of coordination, vomiting, rolling of the eyes, falling down, a head tilt, or the inability to walk in a straight line which results in circling.
Treating IVD
The treatment for idiopathic vestibular disease often relies on supportive care and protecting the cat from injuring itself. Anti-nausea medications are administered in cases of extreme vomiting, and if the cat becomes dehydrated, subcutaneous fluids may be administered. If the condition does not resolve itself within a short period of time, additional tests to determine the cause of the disease are needed for further treatment options.
Outlook for cats with Idiopathic Vestibular Disease
The outlook for idiopathic vestibular disease in cats is good to excellent. The symptoms will usually go away on their own within 2 days of their sudden appearance, and most cats are back to normal within two weeks. However, in cases where the condition is caused by brain lesions the outlook is guarded and dependent on treatment options and response.