Overview
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a relatively common disorder in cats. This is actually a group of conditions that are characterized by thickening of the large and/or small intestines. The thickening of the intestinal wall is a direct result of inflammation, which consists of edema or swelling and an influx of the inflammatory cells that exceeds a normal inflammatory reaction. This abnormal immune response is the result of an out of control cascade that the body normally mobilizes at a much lower level to deal with a number of inciting irritants.
Symptoms of IBD in Cats
This excessive inflammatory reaction actually damages the tissues and interferes with the normal delicate balance in the gut wall that allows proper absorption of nutrients. This leads to maldigestion and diarrhea and the bowel irritation also triggers the vomiting reflex. Vomiting is the most common sign in cats, and may be present without diarrhea signs. There may be increased gas production and gut sounds (flatulence, borborygmus). The belly may appear swollen and sometimes the cats seem sensitive when the belly is examined. The condition may lead to weight loss and a poor haircoat, though some cats keep a normal condition and appearance.